What element is NOT included in the Health Belief Model?

The Health Belief Model is a psychological model that seeks to explain and predict health-related behaviors by focusing on the attitudes and beliefs of individuals. It emphasizes several key components, including susceptibility (the perception of the likelihood of getting a condition), barriers (the perceived obstacles to taking a specific health action), benefits (the perceived advantages of taking that action), and cues to action (triggers that prompt behaviors).

Self-actualization, which refers to the realization of an individual’s potential and often relates to personal growth and fulfillment, is not a component of the Health Belief Model. The model is primarily concerned with how individuals assess their risk and the influences on their decision-making regarding health behaviors, rather than personal development or achieving one’s full potential. Thus, the focus of the Health Belief Model is strictly aligned with health-related behaviors and does not incorporate the broader, more philosophical concept of self-actualization.